FINALLLLLLY!

I guess we have to take a 3.5. :(

Power Lab Writeup

Lemon

A lemon battery works by exploiting the fact that some metals give up electrons more easily than others. In the lemon battery, a chemical reaction among the acidic lemon juice, copper, and zinc creates a current. Since copper gives up its electrons rather easily and zinc receives those electrons, there is a voltage difference between the copper coin and zinc nail. This voltage difference allows a current to run through the lemon battery.

Solar Panel

The solar panel works as a voltage source because it makes great use of silicon. Silicon has an outer shell with 4 electrons and it always looks to find 4 additional electrons to complete its shell. The silicon used in a solar panel has impurities which means there are other atoms mixed with silicon such as phosphorous. Since phosphorous has 5 outer electrons, there is a leftover electron when it bonds with silicon. When these leftover electrons are hit by the heat (energy) from sunlight, they begin to wander randomly while carrying an electrical current. These electrons "rush" to the holes created by the silicon atoms bonding with boron which only has 3 outer electrons. As a result, voltage is created when the electrons move in the solar panel.

Hand crank generator

The hand crank generator works through magnetic induction. A coil of wire rests inside several magnets. When a person turns the crank, the coil begins turning and the magnetic flux through the coil changes. Because of this changing magnetic field, a voltage will be induced that opposes the change in the magnetic field. This is what lights up the lightbulb. As soon as a person stops turning the crank, there is no change in magnetic flux and therefore no induced voltage so the lightbulb doesn't shine.

Mini Circuit Lab Pictures

Hand Crank Generator













Solar Panel without light


















Solar Panel with light


















Lemon

from visual import*
Container = cylinder(pos=(0,-11,0), axis=(0,22,0), radius=9, opacity=0.3, color=color.white)
Displacer = cylinder(pos=(0,10.999,0), axis=(0,.001,0), radius=Container.radius, opactiy=0.3, color=color.white)
Bottom = cylinder(pos=(0,-10.999,0,), axis=(0,.001,0), radius=Container.radius, opactiy=0.3, color=color.white)
ball1 = sphere(pos=( 0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.blue)
ball2 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.blue)
ball3 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.red)
ball4 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.red)
ball5 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.yellow)
ball6 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.yellow)
ball7 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.orange)
ball8 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.orange)
ball9 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.green)
ball10 = sphere(pos=(0,0,0), radius=0.5, color=color.green)
ball1.velocity = vector(50,60,70)
ball2.velocity = vector(-50,60,-70)
ball3.velocity = vector(60,70,50)
ball4.velocity = vector(-60,-70,50)
ball5.velocity = vector(50,60,70)
ball6.velocity = vector(-50,-60,70)
ball7.velocity = vector(50,-70,-60)
ball8.velocity = vector(60,-50,-70)
ball9.velocity = vector(70,50,60)
ball10.velocity = vector(70,-60,50)
deltat = .001
t = 0
scene.autoscale = False
while t < 1e5:
rate(10000)
if ball1.pos.x < ball1.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball1.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball1.velocity.x = - ball1.velocity.x
if ball1.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball1.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball1.radius:
ball1.velocity.x = - ball1.velocity.x
if ball1.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball1.radius:
ball1.velocity.y = -ball1.velocity.y
if ball1.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball1.radius:
ball1.velocity.y = -ball1.velocity.y
if ball1.pos.z < ball1.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball1.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball1.velocity.z = - ball1.velocity.z
if ball1.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball1.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball1.radius:
ball1.velocity.z = - ball1.velocity.z
if ball2.pos.x < ball2.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball2.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball2.velocity.x = - ball2.velocity.x
if ball2.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball2.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball2.radius:
ball2.velocity.x = - ball2.velocity.x
if ball2.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball1.radius:
ball2.velocity.y = -ball2.velocity.y
if ball2.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball2.radius:
ball2.velocity.y = -ball2.velocity.y
if ball2.pos.z < ball2.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball2.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball2.velocity.z = - ball2.velocity.z
if ball2.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball2.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball2.radius:
ball2.velocity.z = - ball2.velocity.z
if ball3.pos.x < ball3.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball3.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball3.velocity.x = - ball3.velocity.x
if ball3.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball3.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball3.radius:
ball3.velocity.x = - ball3.velocity.x
if ball3.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball3.radius:
ball3.velocity.y = -ball3.velocity.y
if ball3.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball3.radius:
ball3.velocity.y = -ball3.velocity.y
if ball3.pos.z < ball3.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball3.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball3.velocity.z = - ball3.velocity.z
if ball3.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball3.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball3.radius:
ball3.velocity.z = - ball3.velocity.z
if ball4.pos.x < ball4.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball4.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball4.velocity.x = - ball4.velocity.x
if ball4.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball4.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball4.radius:
ball4.velocity.x = - ball4.velocity.x
if ball4.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball4.radius:
ball4.velocity.y = -ball4.velocity.y
if ball4.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball4.radius:
ball4.velocity.y = -ball4.velocity.y
if ball4.pos.z < ball4.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball4.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball4.velocity.z = - ball4.velocity.z
if ball4.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball4.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball4.radius:
ball4.velocity.z = - ball4.velocity.z
if ball5.pos.x < ball5.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball5.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball5.velocity.x = - ball5.velocity.x
if ball5.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball5.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball5.radius:
ball5.velocity.x = - ball5.velocity.x
if ball5.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball5.radius:
ball5.velocity.y = -ball5.velocity.y
if ball5.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball5.radius:
ball5.velocity.y = -ball5.velocity.y
if ball5.pos.z < ball5.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball5.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball5.velocity.z = - ball5.velocity.z
if ball5.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball5.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball5.radius:
ball5.velocity.z = - ball5.velocity.z
if ball6.pos.x < ball6.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball6.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball6.velocity.x = - ball6.velocity.x
if ball6.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball6.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball6.radius:
ball6.velocity.x = - ball6.velocity.x
if ball6.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball6.radius:
ball6.velocity.y = -ball6.velocity.y
if ball6.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball6.radius:
ball6.velocity.y = -ball6.velocity.y
if ball6.pos.z < ball6.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball6.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball6.velocity.z = - ball6.velocity.z
if ball6.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball6.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball6.radius:
ball6.velocity.z = - ball6.velocity.z
if ball7.pos.x < ball7.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball7.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball7.velocity.x = - ball7.velocity.x
if ball7.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball7.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball7.radius:
ball7.velocity.x = - ball7.velocity.x
if ball7.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball7.radius:
ball7.velocity.y = -ball7.velocity.y
if ball7.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball7.radius:
ball7.velocity.y = -ball7.velocity.y
if ball7.pos.z < ball7.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball7.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball7.velocity.z = - ball7.velocity.z
if ball7.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball7.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball7.radius:
ball7.velocity.z = - ball7.velocity.z
if ball8.pos.x < ball8.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball8.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball8.velocity.x = - ball8.velocity.x
if ball8.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball8.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball8.radius:
ball8.velocity.x = - ball8.velocity.x
if ball8.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball8.radius:
ball8.velocity.y = -ball8.velocity.y
if ball8.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball8.radius:
ball8.velocity.y = -ball8.velocity.y
if ball8.pos.z < ball1.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball8.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball8.velocity.z = - ball8.velocity.z
if ball8.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball8.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball8.radius:
ball8.velocity.z = - ball8.velocity.z
if ball9.pos.x < ball9.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball9.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball9.velocity.x = - ball9.velocity.x
if ball9.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball9.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball9.radius:
ball9.velocity.x = - ball9.velocity.x
if ball9.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball9.radius:
ball9.velocity.y = -ball9.velocity.y
if ball9.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball9.radius:
ball9.velocity.y = -ball9.velocity.y
if ball9.pos.z < ball9.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball9.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball9.velocity.z = - ball9.velocity.z
if ball9.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball9.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball9.radius:
ball9.velocity.z = - ball9.velocity.z
if ball10.pos.x < ball10.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball10.pos.z,2))),.5):
ball10.velocity.x = - ball10.velocity.x
if ball10.pos.x > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball10.pos.z,2))),.5) - ball10.radius:
ball10.velocity.x = - ball10.velocity.x
if ball10.pos.y < Bottom.pos.y + ball10.radius:
ball10.velocity.y = -ball10.velocity.y
if ball10.pos.y > Displacer.pos.y - ball10.radius:
ball10.velocity.y = -ball10.velocity.y
if ball10.pos.z < ball10.radius - pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball10.pos.x,2))),.5):
ball10.velocity.z = - ball10.velocity.z
if ball10.pos.z > pow(abs((pow(Container.radius,2)-pow(ball10.pos.x,2))),.5) - ball10.radius:
ball10.velocity.z = - ball10.velocity.z
ball1.pos = ball1.pos + ball1.velocity*deltat
ball2.pos = ball2.pos + ball2.velocity*deltat
ball3.pos = ball3.pos + ball3.velocity*deltat
ball4.pos = ball4.pos + ball4.velocity*deltat
ball5.pos = ball5.pos + ball5.velocity*deltat
ball6.pos = ball6.pos + ball6.velocity*deltat
ball7.pos = ball7.pos + ball7.velocity*deltat
ball8.pos = ball8.pos + ball8.velocity*deltat
ball9.pos = ball9.pos + ball9.velocity*deltat
ball10.pos = ball10.pos + ball10.velocity*deltat
t = t + deltat

Blog 3

Hole drilled in Pressure Vessel Bottom

Displacer Fit into the Pressure Vessel Bottom

Before Red RTVing the Pressure Vessel Top to the Bottom

After

Our method of adding a crossbar to the displacer needle and allowing the JB Weld to dry

Crossbar JB Welded on

Leak Test with the hole covered (no leaks)

First Crankshaft support Red RTVed on

PVC Pipe and Supports Red RTVed on

Balloon added

While working on the connectors between the crankshaft and the crossbar, our crankshaft broke so we are currently making a new one.

2nd Blog

Pressure Vessel Top












Displacer













Displacer before JB Weld


















Pressure Vessel Top